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- CCCCOOOOMMMMPPPPRRRREEEESSSSSSSS((((1111)))) CCCCOOOOMMMMPPPPRRRREEEESSSSSSSS((((1111))))
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- NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
- compress, uncompress, zcat - compress and expand data
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- SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS
- ccccoooommmmpppprrrreeeessssssss [ ----ffff ] [ ----vvvv ] [ ----cccc ] [ ----VVVV ] [ ----dddd ] [ ----bbbb _b_i_t_s ] [ _n_a_m_e ... ]
- uuuunnnnccccoooommmmpppprrrreeeessssssss [ ----ffff ] [ ----vvvv ] [ ----cccc ] [ ----VVVV ] [ _n_a_m_e ... ]
- zzzzccccaaaatttt [ _n_a_m_e ... ]
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- DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
- _C_o_m_p_r_e_s_s reduces the size of the named files using adaptive Lempel-Ziv
- coding. Whenever possible, each file is replaced by one with the
- extension ....ZZZZ,,,, while keeping the same permission modes, access and
- modification times. When invoked by the superuser the ownership modes
- are also retained. If no files are specified, the standard input is
- compressed to the standard output. Compressed files can be restored to
- their original form using _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s or _z_c_a_t. The ----dddd option causes
- compress to uncompress (they are the same program, normally looking at
- the name with which they are invoked to determine whether to compress or
- uncompress).
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- The ----ffff option will force compression of _n_a_m_e, even if it does not
- actually shrink or the corresponding _n_a_m_e.Z file already exists. Except
- when run in the background under /_b_i_n/_s_h, if ----ffff is not given the user is
- prompted as to whether an existing _n_a_m_e.Z file should be overwritten.
-
- The ----cccc (``cat'') option makes _c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s/_u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s write to the standard
- output; no files are changed. The nondestructive behavior of _z_c_a_t is
- identical to that of _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s ----cccc....
-
- _C_o_m_p_r_e_s_s uses the modified Lempel-Ziv algorithm popularized in "A
- Technique for High Performance Data Compression", Terry A. Welch, _I_E_E_E
- _C_o_m_p_u_t_e_r, vol. 17, no. 6 (June 1984), pp. 8-19. Common substrings in the
- file are first replaced by 9-bit codes 257 and up. When code 512 is
- reached, the algorithm switches to 10-bit codes and continues to use more
- bits until the limit specified by the ----bbbb flag is reached (default 16).
- _B_i_t_s must be between 9 and 16. The default can be changed in the source
- to allow _c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s to be run on a smaller machine.
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- After the _b_i_t_s limit is attained, _c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s periodically checks the
- compression ratio. If it is increasing, _c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s continues to use the
- existing code dictionary. However, if the compression ratio decreases,
- _c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s discards the table of substrings and rebuilds it from scratch.
- This allows the algorithm to adapt to the next "block" of the file.
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- Note that the ----bbbb flag is omitted for _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s, since the _b_i_t_s parameter
- specified during compression is encoded within the output, along with a
- magic number to ensure that neither decompression of random data nor
- recompression of compressed data is attempted.
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- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 1111
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- CCCCOOOOMMMMPPPPRRRREEEESSSSSSSS((((1111)))) CCCCOOOOMMMMPPPPRRRREEEESSSSSSSS((((1111))))
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- The amount of compression obtained depends on the size of the input, the
- number of _b_i_t_s per code, and the distribution of common substrings.
- Typically, text such as source code or English is reduced by 50-60%.
- Compression is generally much better than that achieved by Huffman coding
- (as used in _p_a_c_k), or adaptive Huffman coding (_c_o_m_p_a_c_t), and takes less
- time to compute.
-
- The ----vvvv option causes the printing of the percentage reduction of each
- file and additional error message(s) information. The ----VVVV option prints
- the version of compress.
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- If an error occurs, exit status is 1, else if the last file was not
- compressed because it became larger, the status is 2; else the status is
- 0. No error message is printed if the compression failed.
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- DDDDIIIIAAAAGGGGNNNNOOOOSSSSTTTTIIIICCCCSSSS
- Usage: compress [-fvc] [-b maxbits] [file ...]
- Invalid options were specified on the command line.
- Missing maxbits
- Maxbits must follow ----bbbb.
- _f_i_l_e: not in compressed format
- The file specified to _u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s has not been compressed.
- _f_i_l_e: compressed with _x_x bits, can only handle _y_y bits
- _F_i_l_e was compressed by a program that could deal with more _b_i_t_s
- than the compress code on this machine. Recompress the file with
- smaller _b_i_t_s.
- _f_i_l_e: already has .Z suffix -- no change
- The file is assumed to be already compressed. Rename the file
- and try again.
- _f_i_l_e: filename too long to tack on .Z
- The file cannot be compressed because its name is longer than 12
- characters. Rename and try again. This message does not occur
- on BSD systems.
- _f_i_l_e already exists; do you wish to overwrite (y or n)?
- Respond "y" if you want the output file to be replaced; "n" if
- not.
- uncompress: corrupt input
- A SIGSEGV violation was detected which usually means that the
- input file is corrupted.
- Compression: _x_x._x_x%
- Percentage of the input saved by compression. (Relevant only for
- ----vvvv.)
- -- not a regular file: unchanged
- When the input file is not a regular file, (e.g. a directory), it
- is left unaltered.
- -- has _x_x other links: unchanged
- The input file has links; it is left unchanged. See _l_n(1) for
- more information.
- -- file unchanged
- No savings is achieved by compression. The input remains virgin.
- (Relevant only for ----vvvv.)
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- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 2222
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- CCCCOOOOMMMMPPPPRRRREEEESSSSSSSS((((1111)))) CCCCOOOOMMMMPPPPRRRREEEESSSSSSSS((((1111))))
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- NNNNOOOOTTTTEEEESSSS
- The suffix ....ZZZZ is used by the commands _c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s/_u_n_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s. The suffix ....zzzz
- is used by the commands _p_a_c_k/_u_n_p_a_c_k. The suffix ....ggggzzzz is used by the
- commands _g_z_i_p/_g_u_n_z_i_p.
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- SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO
- pack(1), unpack(1), gzip(1), gunzip(1), zcat(1).
-
- BBBBUUUUGGGGSSSS
- Although compressed files are compatible between machines with large
- memory, ----bbbb12 should be used for file transfer to architectures with a
- small process data space (64KB or less, as exhibited by the DEC PDP
- series, the Intel 80286, etc.)
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- _c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s should be more flexible about the existence of the `.Z' suffix.
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- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 3333
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